---
title: "How to read a rent roll"
description: "Read a rent roll by unit: contract rent, what you charged, what you collected, and the open balance that matches each ledger."
url: https://tivio.io/blog/how-to-read-a-rent-roll
author: "Tivio Team"
publisher: Tivio (https://tivio.io)
published: 2026-10-26
updated: 2026-10-26
topic: "Rent & payments"
---

# How to read a rent roll

> A rent roll is a snapshot of every unit on one date: status, contract rent, what you charged, what you collected, and the balance still open. Contract rent and this month's charge differ when the month was prorated or a charge is still unpaid. Vacant units show no invented rent. Before you send the roll, every balance has to match that lease's ledger, and the cash collected has to match the trust deposits for that owner.

## Key takeaways

- Give each unit one row: status, contract rent, charged, collected, balance, and lease end.
- Keep contract rent separate from this month's charge so a prorated move-in is not billed as a full month.
- Match every balance to the tenant ledger before you email the roll.
- Walk the owner through units occupied, dollars collected, and dollars still open.

A rent roll is the one-page list of every unit you manage: who lives there, what the rent is, what they paid, and what they still owe. Read it before you send owner statements and before you promise a new owner that the portfolio is current. "Rent roll" is searched about 3,600 times a month in the United States. The useful version is a report you can tie to the tenant ledgers, not a brochure.

![A brown brick apartment building with rows of windows.](https://tivio.io/blog/media/2026/10/a-brown-brick-apartment-building-with-rows-of-windows-ogawj1.webp)

## What is a rent roll?

A rent roll is a snapshot of the portfolio on one date. Each row is a unit. The columns answer whether that unit is occupied, what the contract rent is, what was charged this month, what was collected, and what is delinquent.

It is not a single tenant's ledger. The ledger is the history of one lease. The rent roll is every lease, one line each, as of this morning. If a line on the rent roll does not match that lease's ledger balance, fix the ledger before you send the roll to an owner or a lender.

## Which columns should you include?

Keep the roll short enough to read in a meeting. These columns cover the questions owners ask.

| Column | What it means |
| --- | --- |
| Unit | The door you can point to |
| Status | Occupied, vacant, or notice given |
| Tenant | The names on the lease |
| Contract rent | Monthly rent in the lease, before this month's proration |
| Charged | What you billed this period, including parking and a prorated first month |
| Collected | What you received and applied this period |
| Balance | What is still open on that lease, all months |
| Lease end | The date the current term ends |

Contract rent and charged are different on purpose. A unit that moved in March 12 may have contract rent of $1,850 and a March charge of $1,193.55. Putting $1,850 in "charged" overstates the month. The worked example for that proration is in [how to prorate rent](https://tivio.io/blog/how-to-prorate-rent-with-a-calculator-and-examples).

## How do you read a small rent roll?

Here is April 3, 2026, for three units you manage for one owner. Contract rent is the monthly figure. Charged and collected are April activity. Balance is everything still open.

| Unit | Status | Contract rent | Charged | Collected | Balance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | Occupied | $1,850 | $1,925 | $1,000 | $973.39 |
| 3 | Occupied | $1,600 | $1,600 | $1,600 | $0.00 |
| 4 | Vacant | $1,700 | $0 | $0 | $0.00 |

Unit 2 was charged $1,850 rent plus $75 parking. The tenant paid $1,000, which cleared an older $48.39 and part of April rent, so $973.39 is still open. Unit 3 is current. Unit 4 is vacant, so you do not invent a charge. The rent roll's job is to show the vacancy, not to bill it.

Add the contract-rent column only for occupied units when an owner asks "what is the rent." Add charged and collected when they ask "what happened this month." Those are different questions. A roll that shows only contract rent hides the $973.39.

## What should you check before you send it?

1. Every occupied unit has a lease end date, and every date within 60 days is on your renewal list.
2. Every balance matches the tenant ledger. One mismatch is enough to hold the email.
3. Vacant units show zero charged, unless a former tenant's balance is still in collections and your report labels it that way.
4. Prepaid rent shows as a credit or a zero balance, not as negative income you forgot to explain.
5. The total collected this month matches the trust-account deposits for that owner, after you set aside deposits that belong to other owners.

## How do you use the roll in the owner meeting?

Walk three numbers, in this order: units occupied, dollars collected, dollars still open. On the sample roll, two of three units are occupied, $2,600 was collected ($1,000 plus $1,600), and $973.39 is open, all of it on Unit 2. Then stop. The owner can ask about Unit 2. You already know the ledger story, including the [rent receipt](https://tivio.io/blog/how-to-write-a-rent-receipt-with-a-sample) that stated the remaining balance.

[Tivio](https://tivio.io/) is property management software for independent property managers. The rent roll, the who-owes list, and the cash-flow report read the same charges, and you can export them to CSV when an owner wants the file. A rent roll you can export is only as good as the lines you posted. Read it once a week. Send it when the balances match the ledgers.
## How do you reconcile the roll to the trust account?

Do this on the same morning you send the roll. For the three-unit sample, April collections are $1,000 from Unit 2 and $1,600 from Unit 3. That is $2,600. Pull the trust-account deposits tagged to Helen Cho for April 1 through April 3. They should total $2,600, or $2,600 plus a deposit you have not applied yet. If the bank shows $2,500, you are $100 short. Find it before the email goes out. A rent roll that is $100 ahead of the bank is a report you will have to retract.

Split the check the same way when one deposit covers two owners. A $3,000 deposit that includes $400 for a different owner is not $3,000 of Helen's rent. The roll shows $2,600 for Helen. The other $400 stays off her roll. Mixing owners on one line is the error that makes a later audit impossible.

Prepaid rent needs a label. If Unit 3 paid May in April, April's collected column can show the $1,600 that belonged to April, and a note can say May's $1,600 is prepaid. Putting both months in April's collected column doubles the month. The balance on the lease should be a credit or zero, and the rent roll should say which.

## What does a weekly pass look like?

Monday, before anyone calls. Export the roll. Sort by balance, largest first. On this portfolio the only open balance is Unit 2 at $973.39. You already know the story: $48.39 of old pet rent was cleared by the $1,000 payment, and April rent and parking are still short. Call or write the tenant with the same figures that are on the [rent receipt](https://tivio.io/blog/how-to-write-a-rent-receipt-with-a-sample). Do not quote a round number you calculated in your head.

Then sort by lease end. Anything inside 75 days goes to the renewal list. A roll with a blank lease-end cell is unfinished. Fill it from the lease before you rely on the sort.

Then read vacancies. Unit 4 at $1,700 contract rent and zero charged is a vacancy, not a delinquency. Days vacant belong in your own note, even if the roll has no column for them. An owner who asks "how long has Unit 4 been empty" should not have to wait while you open four emails.

## What do you say in the email?

Keep it to the three numbers and one sentence of context.

> Rent roll for 14 Maple Street, as of April 3, 2026. Two of three units are occupied. Collected this month: $2,600. Still open: $973.39, all on Unit 2. Unit 4 is vacant. The open balance matches the tenant ledger.

Attach the roll. If they reply about Unit 2, you already have the ledger. If they reply about the vacancy, you talk about the listing, not about a charge that was never billed.

[Tivio](https://tivio.io/) exports the rent roll to CSV from the same charges as the who-owes report. Use the export when an owner wants to drop the file into their own sheet. Read the balances first. A CSV of a wrong balance is just a faster way to send the wrong number.

## Frequently asked questions

### What is the difference between a rent roll and a ledger?

The ledger is the full history of one lease. The rent roll is every unit, one line each, as of a single date. The roll's balance has to equal that ledger's balance.

### Should a vacant unit show the old rent as charged?

No. A vacant unit shows zero charged unless you are reporting a former tenant's balance and the report says so. Contract rent can still show what the unit would rent for.

### How often should I read the rent roll?

Once a week for lease ends inside 75 days and for open balances. Send it to an owner when the balances match the ledgers.

### Why is charged different from contract rent?

Contract rent is the monthly figure in the lease. Charged is what you billed this period. A mid-month move-in is billed only for the days of possession.

## Sources

- [How to prorate rent (with a calculator and examples)](https://tivio.io/blog/how-to-prorate-rent-with-a-calculator-and-examples), Tivio
- [How to write a rent receipt (with a sample)](https://tivio.io/blog/how-to-write-a-rent-receipt-with-a-sample), Tivio